Review Article | Vol 12 | Issue 1 | January-June 2026 | page: 31-35 | Sachin Kale, Nilesh Kamat, Shailesh Pai, Ashok Shyam, Gaurav Sharma, Nikhil Makhija , Riddhi Shah

DOI: https://doi.org/10.13107/ti.2026.v12.i01.84 Submitted: 04/03/2023; Reviewed: 27/03/2023; Accepted: 07/05/2023; Published: 10/04/2026

Authors: Sachin Kale [1], Nilesh Kamat [1], Shailesh Pai [1], Ashok Shyam [1], Gaurav Sharma [1], Nikhil Makhija [1], Riddhi Shah [1]

[1] Department of Orthopaedics, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. Address of Correspondence Dr. Sachin Kale Department of Orthopaedics, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. E-mail: sachinkale@gmail.com

Abstract

Background: Proximal humerus fractures accounts for 5-6% of all adult fractures, treatment of which still remains controversial. The present review highlights the clinical review and propose a decision making framework for the treatment of proximal humerus fractures. Methods: This narrative review focuses on key principles that directly influence day-to-day clinical decision-making. The review has been subdivided into sections covering anatomy and biomechanics, Clinical evaluation and imaging, various classification systems, decision-making and complications. Conclusion: The management of proximal humerus fractures should always be individualized, integrating fracture-specific factors such as pattern, displacement, and vascular compromise with patient-related considerations including age, bone quality, and functional expectations. A thorough understanding of anatomy, biomechanics, and available treatment modalities is essential for optimal outcomes. Advances in fixation techniques and the increasing role of shoulder arthroplasty—especially reverse shoulder arthroplasty—have significantly improved functional results, particularly in the elderly population. Careful patient selection and adherence to sound surgical principles remain the cornerstone of successful management. Keywords: Proximal Humerus fracture, Clinical decision making, Neer classification

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